
Parts used: bark.
- Digestive function.
- Elimination of intestinal gas.
- Regularity of bowel transit.
- Antioxidant.
- Carbohydrate metabolism.
- Stimulates the following functions: circulatory, cardiac (boosts body's vital functions) and respiratory;
- Increases vitality;
- Eupeptic;
- Antiseptic, antirot (kills Eberth's Typhoid Bacillus);
- Antibacterial;
- Digestive (improves digestion);
- Carminative;
- Deworming;
- Antispasmodic;
- Astringent (slightly);
- Antifungal;
- Hemostatic (stop-bleeding);
- Anti-inflammatory;
- Aphrodisiac (slightly);
- Emmenagogue;
- Thermogenic (causes a slight elevation of the temperature of the salivary, lacrimal and nasal secretions);
- Analgesic;
- Decongestant (combats congestion);
- Antirheumatic;
- Facilitates the peripheral circulation;
- Febrifuge;
- Hypotensive.
- Flu asthenia;
- Digestive spasms;
- Abdominal spasms;
- Spasmodic colitis;
- Asthenia;
- Fever numbness;
- Flu;
- Cold (cold affections);
- Syncope;
- Gastroenteritis;
- Intestinal infections (cholera);
- Gastric atony;
- Slow digestion;
- Intestinal parasites;
- Diarrhea;
- Nausea;
- Vomiting;
- Scanty menstruation;
- Metrorrhagia;
- Leucorrhoea (white discharge);
- Hemoptysis;
- Impotence;
- Melancholy (especially in cold weather), people feeling the cold;
- Elderly and older people;
- Cold;
- Flu;
- Hypertension;
- Arthritis;
- Rheumatism;
- Candidiasis.
- Monografie ESCOP, Le Basi Scientifiche dei Prodotti Fitoterapici, Planta Medica Edizioni, Pistrino di Citerna (PG) 2006.
- PDR (Physicians’ Desk Reference) for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition, Ed. Thomson 2007.
- Perugini Billi F., Manuale di Fitoterapia, Edizioni Junior, Azzano San Paolo (BG), 2004.
- Tierra M., Grande manuale di Erboristeria, Vol. I e II, Mediterranee, 1995.
- Valnet J., Fitoterapia, Cura delle malattie con le piante, Aldo Martello – Giunti Editore,1976.